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Applications BWB Technologies - Continually pushing the boundaries of flame photometry From brine to cement, serum to condensate; our range of applications and technical documents and industry specific instruments ensure that we can provide a solution to your analytical requirements. If you have a specific element, or more than one element, that you're interested in, click on the element tiles a little further down the page, to filter the list of application notes to meet your needs. We've added a dilution calculator here, to help with calibration. One common question we've been asked, has been how to calculate the amount of a calibration standard that is required to be generate a sample used for calibration purposes. To that end here is a calculator for you to use - just enter the Stock Concentration, Final Concentration and the Final Volume required, and the Volume from Stock box will be populated with the correct value to use. ppm Stock Concentration: ppm Final Concentration: mL Final Volume: Calculate Dilution Calculator mL Volume from Stock: Application Notes Click here to reset (show all products) Determination of Na and K using Emulsions and Microemulsions for Sample Preparation Learn More Determination of Na in Biodiesel using Dry Decomposition for Sample Preparation Learn More Determination of Sodium in Biodiesel by Flame Atomic Learn More Measurement of Calcium and Potassium in Cereals Learn More Measurement of Calcium in Biological Samples Learn More Measurement of Calcium in DNA and DNP Learn More Measurement of Calcium in Fresh Fruit Learn More Measurement of Calcium in Serum & Urine Learn More Measurement of Calcium in Unashed Plant Leaves Learn More Measurement of Lithium Sea Water Learn More Measurement of Lithium in Minerals Learn More Measurement of Lithium in Saliva Learn More Measurement of Low Concentrations of Sodium in Cement Learn More Measurement of Na, K and Ca in Plant Extracts Learn More Measurement of Potassium and Sodium in Bread Learn More Measurement of Potassium and Sodium in Meat Learn More Measurement of Potassium and Sodium in Wine Learn More Measurement of Potassium in Unashed Plant Leaves Learn More Measurement of Sodium and Potassium in Cheese Learn More Measurement of Sodium and Potassium in Dried Milk Learn More Measurement of Sodium and Potassium in Silicate Rocks Learn More Measurement of Trace Elements in Biodiesel Learn More Potassium Extraction from Soil Learn More Recommended Sample Handling Techniques & Considerations Learn More Salinity in Processed Foods Learn More Units of Concentration Learn More

Welcome to BWB Technologies BWB Technologies is a global company with offices in Europe, America and the Middle East. We offer a world-wide, quick-response technical support network and employ real experts in flame photometry to ensure they remain at the cutting edge year on year. We offer a world-wide, quick-response technical support network of flame photometry experts, to give our customers the best, up-to-date service. The Flame Photometer Experts View Products Get a Quote Contact Us Testimonials from Customers "Easy to install, easy to handle, gives accurate measurements." Wolfgang Glock THG-Glock Instruments Germany View All Testimonials Review Us on Google Why Choose Our Flame Photometers? To offer even further accuracy the majority of instruments across our model range enable up to 10 point calibration curves to be generated per element. This results in a highly accurate method of analysis given that most elements do not have a linear emission spectra, although this is certainly the claim from other manufacturers. Advanced Calibration Hover for more Highly accurate calibration curves can be generated with up to 10 points of calibration per element. Multi-Ion and Multi-Point standards can be used to further expedite your time to analysis. Our range of instruments are all derived from our award winning and best-selling base platform, the XP model. Our five element simultaneous detection system is revolutionary, enabling you to easily calibrate and analyse all five elements at the same time without changing filters. Simultaneous Detection & Display Hover for more Our simultaneous detection and display of all 5 elements drastically speeds up the sample throughput time and prevents operators from constant recalibration procedures. 'One of our top priorities is accessibility and convenience, for all of our international clients. That is why we have a minimalist interface with intuitive controls, and no complicated buttons or dials. Our keypads and FLASH capacitive touch displays were designed by user ergonomic experts, to help us provide the smoothest user experience. Intuitive Interface Hover for more 'With thousands of instruments in use around the world, ensuring accessibility for all is important to us. The BWB range offers easy to use LCD driven user prompts to help you have the best experience with your instrument. 'The BWB range of instruments incorporate a service and oil free compressor built into the system. Our design saves valuable lab space, and removes the issues that old, noisy, leak-prone oil compressors create. This drastically reduces interference and allows a strict control of air flow and known pressures, resulting in stable flame conditions and exceptional quality of result determination. Built-In Air Compressor Hover for more 'Our systems all have a service and oil free compressor, to prevent interferences, noise and footprint. 'Our PC software, included with every instrument, supports further work with your data. The reporting feature generates CSV and PDF reports for your analysed samples and calibration curves can be downloaded from the instrument and saved for later recall. Free PC Software Hover for more 'We offer free PC software that enables the user to create CSV and PDF reports and traceability. We understand that not all labs will have the availability of propane gas ready to use, although propane does offer some of the best results for flame photometry, the instrument can be used with butane or even natural gas without modification. Gas Selection Hover for more A specially developed built in gas regulator enabling the use of Propane, LPG, Butane or Natural Gas (Methane) as standard and with no user modification required. Boasting internal storage for up to 200 results, the instrument surpasses the outdated analogue counterparts that are still prevalent in the market. You can conveniently access the results when needed or easily transfer them to your PC for further use. Internal Results Storage Hover for more Utilise the instrument as a standalone device with no PC requirement. Up to 200 results can be stored within the internal memory. BWB Flame Photometers were designed from the ground up using the newest and most innovative technology to give the user unsurpassed levels of accuracy, usability and reliability; it's able to do all this while still significantly reducing analysis times. We are always improving our products to make sure that we keep ahead of the demanding needs of elemental analysis. Continuous Development Hover for more Our Flame Photometers are designed from the ground up from experts in the field and our continuous development nature ensures that instruments remain at the cutting edge year on year. We supply absolutely everything you'll need to start using our instruments straight out of the box. Calibration standards and basic labware enables the rapid creation of calibration standards. You can be running results within an hour of unboxing. Just Add Gas Hover for more We do not believe in hidden charges and additional accessories. To start using your award winning BWB instrument, all you need to do is 'Just Add Gas!' A two minute introduction to BWB Technologies Product Categories Learn More Other manufacturers may be content with a "one size fits all" policy, but we recognise the value of providing tailored solutions, specifically designed for our targeted applications. Flame Photometers Learn More Truly automate flame photometry analysis with our Automated Fluid Handling System (AFHS) products - auto sampler, auto diluter and printer. Save time, increase productivity, automate analysis and improve reproducibility & accuracy. Automation Systems Contact Us BWB Technologies supply a range of products for our customers to ensure that their flame photometer performs to the highest standards for years to come! We offer FAST delivery - call us today! Consumables Learn More BWB Technologies provide a range of services, like our unique IQ OQ PQ programme, to maintain your instrument's accuracy and ensure swift repair, in the event of a failure. Click below for more details. Services

Application Note Measurement of Calcium in Unashed Plant Leaves Return to All Applications Geyer, R.P. and Bowie, E.J., ‘The Direct Microdetermination of Tissue Calcium by Flame Photometry’, Anal. Biochem., 2, (1961), 360-369. This procedure uses a TCA (trichloroacetic acid) extraction of the tissue to release all of the Calcium Procedure Solution and Standard Preparation Deionised distilled water was used throughout to prepare the following solutions: Organic Diluting Fluid contained 500ml isopropyl alcohol, 300 ml water, 0.2 ml Non-Ion-Ox (ex. Aloe Scientific Co., St. Louis, Mo. USA), 74.6 mg KCl and 292 mg NaCl. TCA solution for tissue extraction was 6.2% w/v and for standard preparation was 8.3% w/v and also contained 19.5 mg NaCl / 100ml. 6.25% trichloroacetic acid solution was first prepared. 6.25grams of TCA acid was accurately weighed and added to a 100ml volumetric flask and was then made up to the mark with deionised or MilliQ water. An 8.3% solution was then made up using 8.3grams of TCA into 100ml of DI water in a volumetric flask. Primary Calcium Standard Solution was prepared by dissolving 250 mg CaCO3 in 25ml of 2M HCl and diluted to 1l to give 100 μg Ca / ml Standards and reagent blanks containing 0 – 3 μg Ca /ml were prepared by mixing 80ml of Organic Diluting Fluid, 15ml of 8.3% TCA, 0 – 3ml of Primary Calcium Solution and made up to the mark with DI water. To this solution 1gram of Lanthanum Chloride was added. The 0 μg Ca /ml solution was used as a blank solution and then calibrated in increasing amounts of concentrations (1, 2 then 3 μg Ca /ml). Tissue Extraction A tissue slice of approximately 0.5mm thickness was prepared and then quickly dipped into a calcium free incubation solution. This was then blotted carefully on a piece of filter paper. The tissue was then accurately weighed to yield samples of approximately 100mg wet weight. The sample was transferred to a centrifuge tube and adequate 6.2% TCA solution was added to bring the total volume of the sample to 2ml. This solution was then vigorously shaken every ten minutes over a half hour period. 8ml of Organic Diluting fluid was added to the tube and then the solution was centrifuged at 2000g for 30 minutes. The supernatant fluid was then pipetted off and 0.1grams of Lanthanum Chloride was added and mixed well. This solution was then aspirated through the pre-calibrated flame photometer. Preparation of Standard Graph Set the flame photometer in accordance to MultiPoint/Single Ion Calibration found on page 24 of the BWB Technologies Installation and Operation Manual, to measure calcium emission. Return to All Applications

The BWB Media Library With over 20 hours of training videos and tutorials, our products almost support themselves... We strive to offer the widest range of support materials in new and exciting formats. Tools which are immediately accessible for our customers regardless of geographical location. Our YouTube channel is a great example of this. Our videos are widely available online, through the website and BWB YouTube channel. They're also supplied on our USB flash drive with every instrument purchase. Webinar: An Introduction To BWB Technologies While most of our video content is available for you to browse freely, we have also produced a short webinar introducing BWB Technologies and our products. To view this introductory webinar, we ask that you complete a very brief form letting us know a little bit about yourself. View Webinar The BWB Technologies YouTube Channel You can view the videos here by simply clicking the one of the red play buttons, or click the button below to visit YouTube for more. Visit YouTube

Application Note Measurement of Calcium in Fresh Fruit Return to All Applications Miller-Ihli, N.J., ‘Atomic Absorption and Atomic Emission Spectrometry for the Determination of the Trace Element Content of Selected Fruits Consumed in the UnitedStates’, J. Food Composition and Anal., 9, (1996), p.301-311. In most cases, it was found that flame photometry was well suited for the determination of sodium, potassium and calcium in fresh fruits, using the wet ashing technique as given below. There are significant differences in the composition between different varieties of the same fruit, although these differences are not usually considered to be nutritionally significant. In general, calcium was shown to have the greatest variability between different varieties of the same fruit. Based upon typical serving sizes, most fruits could not be considered as ‘good’ sources of calcium (defined as at least 10% of the Daily Value per serving). Most fruits contain very low levels of sodium and most could be considered as ‘sodium free foods’ (FDA, 1993), thus making fruit a good choice for individuals on sodium restricted diets. Potassium is also an important element in human nutrition and several fruits such as strawberries, bananas, avocados, cantaloupes, honeydew melon and plantains are considered to be good sources (providing at least 10% of the Daily Value). Procedure Preparation of Sample A representative amount of fruit is prepared; in the case of individual fruits, a minimum of three is used or in the case of grapes or similar small fruits, 100g is prepared. Where appropriate the fruit is peeled and seeds removed. The pulp is homogenised and the processed sample is stored in acid-cleaned polyethylene containers. The prepared pulp samples are prepared in triplicate using a wet ash digestion. Calcium analyses are performed with the addition of 4% 8-hydroxyquinoline to serve as a protecting agent to prevent the formation of refractory species. Typically, 5g samples are added to cleaned test tubes and 1ml of concentrated sub-boiling distilled nitric acid is added. The mixture is heated to 80ºC overnight. The digest is treated with 1ml of 50% hydrogen peroxide, added dropwise and heated at 100ºC for several hours, repeating the process until sample digests are clear. Digest is heated overnight at 80ºC and 1ml HCl is added and the digests are heated for 3-4 hours at 80ºC. The digest is filtered using ashless filter paper (Whatman No.41) and diluted to a final volume of 15ml and stored in polyethylene bottles until analysed. Preparation of calibration standards The calibration solutions should also contain a similar matrix of 5% v/v nitric acid and 5% v/v hydrochloric acid and prepared with the appropriate organometallic salts in an aqueous stock solution. Preparation of Standard Graph Set the flame photometer in accordance to MultiPoint/Single Ion Calibration found on page 24 of the BWB Technologies Installation and Operation Manual, to measure potassium emission. Nebulise the working standard solutions and adjust the controls until steady zero and maximum readings are obtained. Nebulise the intermediate working standard solutions and construct a graph relating raw emission data (known as RAW in BWB the flame photometer) to concentration of all the standard solutions. Return to All Applications

An Introduction to BWB Technologies A short webinar about us & our products Please complete the brief form below, to access this video. Thanks for submitting! By submitting this form you agree to our privacy policy and understand that your details will be shared with our authorised distributor for your region. Our privacy policy can be viewed here . Validation error message First name Last name Email Phone Company Country Choose a country How did you hear about us? Google Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Word of mouth Previous user Current user Magasine advert Exhibition Distributor Other Heard of us in a different way? Your current situation Browsing/ General Interest Ready to Purchase Beginning Investigation Current BWB user Evaluating products Please occasionally keep me updated on BWB Technology news. Submit A few details about you Press the red "PLAY" icon to start the video. You can access auto-translated subtitles using the CC button at the bottom of the video.

The BWB XP Plus Flame Photometer An extension of our award winning XP flame photometer. Features Specs In The Box Apps FAQs Features Simultaneous detection and display of all 4 atoms of interest “IRS” (Internal Reference Standard) caesium or lithium option Intuitive user interface for true ease of use Display prompts step by step operation Built-in air compressor Solutions and labware included Data sharing via pc link via USB Operator independent determination of results 4 user selectable units of measure User selectable decimal places Integrated printer option uses readily available paper IQ, OQ, PQ web-based certification available: IQ OQ PQ is completely unique in the analytical instrumentation arena. Available in English, Russian, German, Mandarin, French and Spanish. More languages in development. Growing on the award winning XP platform, the XP Plus brings together the great benefits found in our range of industry specific instruments. The BWB XP PLUS was designed around the BWB-XP providing enhanced functions to give more utility while maintaining the unsurpassed levels of accuracy, usability and reliability while significantly reducing analysis time. Our customers do not need to waste valuable time changing filters and re-calibrating when a different measurement is required, as is a common requirement in all other Flame Photometer designs from 1951 to the present. ​ The BWB XP PLUS is the first and only 4 channel flame photometer with simultaneous detection and display of Sodium, Potassium, Lithium, and Calcium with an option to use either Caesium or Lithium as an Internal Reference System (IRS) that acts as an internal standard to adjust small changes during calibration and measuring. ​ With clean lines and contemporary bright colour schemes, the XP PLUS looks exceptionally modern and will fit into any laboratory. The instrument has a large LCD display, which can be viewed easily from a wide angle. ​ Our metal casework provides a sturdy portable instrument and enables future recycling opportunities. ROHS compliant components and materials are used wherever possible. The BWB Carbon Footprint is exceptionally low, in keeping with corporate objectives of being a responsible manufacturer. ​ Unlike other manufacturers who charge extra for vital accessories, BWB include everything required to use the product straight out of the box. Just add Gas!! (Propane, LPG or butane) ​ We also provide, as standard, data sharing via USB from the BWB XP to your PC. This ties the output of the BWB Flame Emission Spectrometer (FES) to the Internet or your company intranet systems and facilitates Distributed Control which is vital for Multi-National companies, Universities and various Governmental agencies. Download Datasheet Find Your Sales Rep

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Application Note Measurement of Low Concentrations of Sodium in Cement Return to All Applications Epstein, M.S. & Rush, T.A. ‘The Determination of Low Concentrations of Sodium in Cement by Flame Emission Spectrometry without Sample Preparation’, Appl. Spectroscopy, 45 (1991), p. 1568-1570. U.S Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory (1964). Port Hume, California: US NAVY. 26.​ This method allows the direct measurement of low levels of sodium without prior extraction procedures, which minimises possible sources of contamination. Procedure The polyethylene bottles to be used for sample preparation are first soaked in 20% v/v HNO3 for 24 hours, rinsed with distilled-deionised water and dried in a clean atmosphere. Diluent Solution: 0.01% glycerol in 5% HNO3. Sample preparation The cement sample is dried in a vacuum desiccator or 70 centigrade holding oven for 24 hours prior to sample preparation. Using a mortar and pestle, the cement sample was ground to a fine powder and passed through a graduated mesh. It is imperative that if the cement sample contained larger materials such as rock fragments that these were not ground into the homogeneous mixture. This is due to the analysis of ionic content being based on the binding properties of the cement, not the larger rock shards that hold this binding material. Representative cement samples weighing from 1 to 30mg are placed in 25ml polyethylene bottles and 10ml of the glycerol diluent is added to each of the bottles. The sample solution is then shaken for 30 minutes, the addition of acid will result in fizzing from the release of carbon dioxide from the carbonates present in cement samples, appropriate measures should be taken to avoid spillage of nitric acid from this. Standards are prepared in the glycerol/nitric stock solution from concentrated aqueous stock solutions such as the 10000mg/l stock solutions supplied from BWB-Tech. To estimate the range of standards that should be used for analysis, the BWB Technologies Flame Photometer offers a single point calibration which should be ran with a 100mg/l-1 standard. Preparation of Standard Graph Set the flame photometer in accordance to MultiPoint/Single Ion Calibration found on page 24 of the BWB Technologies Installation and Operation Manual, to measure potassium emission. Nebulise the working standard solutions and adjust the controls until steady zero and maximum readings are obtained. Nebulise the intermediate working standard solutions and construct a graph relating raw emission data (known as RAW in BWB the flame photometer) to concentration of all the standard solutions. Return to All Applications

We're Listening Identified a solution that we can't quite satisfy today? We are always looking to make software & hardware improvements where we can, and who better to give us ideas and opinions than the people who use our products the most? The best ideas have always come from our customers. Submit your idea below or check out a few of the requests that we've had in the past and rolled out. We're always listening for new ideas. Previous Ideas Submitted "We need an instrument to analyse Sodium and Potassium in a continual flow process line operating 24/7" Your Product Idea By submitting this form you agree to our privacy policy and understand that your details will be shared with our authorised distributor for your region. Our privacy policy can be viewed here . First name Last name Email I'm a current user of: BIO BIO AV FLASH LITHIUM NUCLEAR SFP SOIL SUGAR SYNFUELS XP XP PLUS FP-PC Software Please occasionally keep me updated on BWB Technologies news. I want to leave feedback on: An existing model A new product Your product idea or improvement Country Choose a country Submit

Application Note Measurement of Potassium and Sodium in Wine Return to All Applications Potassium and Sodium Content of Wine Wine is of particular interest nutritionally because it is typically low in sodium and relatively high in potassium. Sodium is the predominant cation in breakfast cereals, at levels reaching 8mg/g. Potassium and calcium also vary, particularly in wheat-based products and those enriched with milk products or calcium salts. Few wines contain over 200 mg/l of sodium and most contain less than 100 mg/l. Most wines contain between 500 mg/l and 1300 mg/l potassium. Red wines generally contain more potassium than white or rosé. The sodium content is also lower in white and rosé wines. The daily requirement for sodium is between 0.5 - 2.0g and between 2 – 4g of potassium. Procedure Samples are stored in clean screw cap vials which are completely filled, in order to prevent growth of aerobic organisms. The vials are stored at 4ºC until analysed. The wine samples were diluted with deionised distilled water following a 1 to 200 dilution ratio. The diluted samples were stored in plastic containers prior to analysis. It is recommended that prior to sample analysis for the use of data collection as well as standard dilution, a single point calibration and sample test is carried out so that the estimated range of results for samples can be used when considering the range of concentrations of the standards. Preparation of Standard Graph Set the flame photometer in accordance to MultiPoint/Single Ion Calibration found on page 24 of the BWB Technologies Installation and Operation Manual, to measure potassium emission. Nebulise the working standard solutions and adjust the controls until steady zero and maximum readings are obtained. Nebulise the intermediate working standard solutions and construct a graph relating raw emission data (known as RAW in BWB the flame photometer) to concentration of all the standard solutions. Return to All Applications

Thanks for Contacting Us! We've received your request and will review it shortly. We'll get back to you shortly, but please be aware that it might not be immediate, depending on your location and our availability. We prioritise these requests though so we will be as quick as possible. The Common Key Features of Our Flame Photometers To offer even further accuracy the majority of instruments across our model range enable up to 10 point calibration curves to be generated per element. This results in a highly accurate method of analysis given that most elements do not have a linear emission spectra, although this is certainly the claim from other manufacturers. Advanced Calibration Hover for more Highly accurate calibration curves can be generated with up to 10 points of calibration per element. Multi-Ion and Multi-Point standards can be used to further expedite your time to analysis. Our range of instruments are all derived from our award winning and best-selling base platform, the XP model. Our five element simultaneous detection system is revolutionary, enabling you to easily calibrate and analyse all five elements at the same time without changing filters. Simultaneous Detection & Display Hover for more Our simultaneous detection and display of all 5 elements drastically speeds up the sample throughput time and prevents operators from constant recalibration procedures. 'One of our top priorities is accessibility and convenience, for all of our international clients. That is why we have a minimalist interface with intuitive controls, and no complicated buttons or dials. Our keypads and FLASH capacitive touch displays were designed by user ergonomic experts, to help us provide the smoothest user experience. Intuitive Interface Hover for more 'With thousands of instruments in use around the world, ensuring accessibility for all is important to us. The BWB range offers easy to use LCD driven user prompts to help you have the best experience with your instrument. 'The BWB range of instruments incorporate a service and oil free compressor built into the system. Our design saves valuable lab space, and removes the issues that old, noisy, leak-prone oil compressors create. This drastically reduces interference and allows a strict control of air flow and known pressures, resulting in stable flame conditions and exceptional quality of result determination. Built-In Air Compressor Hover for more 'Our systems all have a service and oil free compressor, to prevent interferences, noise and footprint. 'Our PC software, included with every instrument, supports further work with your data. The reporting feature generates CSV and PDF reports for your analysed samples and calibration curves can be downloaded from the instrument and saved for later recall. Free PC Software Hover for more 'We offer free PC software that enables the user to create CSV and PDF reports and traceability. We understand that not all labs will have the availability of propane gas ready to use, although propane does offer some of the best results for flame photometry, the instrument can be used with butane or even natural gas without modification. Gas Selection Hover for more A specially developed built in gas regulator enabling the use of Propane, LPG, Butane or Natural Gas (Methane) as standard and with no user modification required. Boasting internal storage for up to 200 results, the instrument surpasses the outdated analogue counterparts that are still prevalent in the market. You can conveniently access the results when needed or easily transfer them to your PC for further use. Internal Results Storage Hover for more Utilise the instrument as a standalone device with no PC requirement. Up to 200 results can be stored within the internal memory. BWB Flame Photometers were designed from the ground up using the newest and most innovative technology to give the user unsurpassed levels of accuracy, usability and reliability; it's able to do all this while still significantly reducing analysis times. We are always improving our products to make sure that we keep ahead of the demanding needs of elemental analysis. Continuous Development Hover for more Our Flame Photometers are designed from the ground up from experts in the field and our continuous development nature ensures that instruments remain at the cutting edge year on year. We supply absolutely everything you'll need to start using our instruments straight out of the box. Calibration standards and basic labware enables the rapid creation of calibration standards. You can be running results within an hour of unboxing. Just Add Gas Hover for more We do not believe in hidden charges and additional accessories. To start using your award winning BWB instrument, all you need to do is 'Just Add Gas!'

BWB Technologies Whitepaper Request 10 Questions to Answer Before Buying a New Flame Photometer Please complete the brief form below to download your whitepaper. PDF About This Whitepaper So the time has come to replace that ageing instrument sat in the corner of your Lab, the problem is with only a handful of real market leaders and tens of cheaper Eastern world built instruments, how do you select and ensure that you have the best one going; or more importantly, the one suited to your needs and application. ​ To help you find an instrument most suited to your application and requirements, we've put together this independent guide that's critical to your procurement journey in ensuring that you don't buy a system you'll later regret. It's free to download, designed and created from what we believe are the experts in Flame Photometry themselves, but offering an impartial guide into the questions your procurement journey should be reviewing. With technology developing all the time, there's no better time to download our whitepaper than the present. Whitepaper Download Form First name Last name Email Phone Company Country Choose a country Whitepaper Requested Please occasionally keep me updated on BWB Technologies news. By submitting this form you agree to our privacy policy and understand that your details will be shared with our authorised distributor for your region. Our privacy policy can be viewed here . Validation error message Submit Thanks for submitting!

The BWB XP with AFHS Tech Data BWB's highly automated flame photometry platform for industrial applications. Features Specs In The Box Apps FAQs Features Built around BWB’s proprietary “auto read” technology “IRS” (Internal Reference Standard) available Compatible with all 2014 and forwards BWB flame photometer models 5 user selectable tray calibration correction points User selectable dilution ratio Purpose built auto diluter On demand printing of key analysis data with BWB’s integrated printer A single shared power source for the auto sampler and auto diluter Up to 89 samples Interchangeable sample tray Additional sample trays available for 1ml & 3ml sample cups Large stocks of sample cups held for same day dispatch to prevent delays BWB's simple, robust & reliable Automated Fluid Handling System (AFHS) paired with the acclaimed XP flame photometer. BWB customers rely on our instrumentation that may run throughout the day processing tens or even hundreds of samples. Until now this operation has been a manual process and requires an operator present to introduce each sample. Many organisations are striving for greater efficiency and automation of their laboratory processes and in response BWB have a solution. The new Automatic Fluid Handling System (AFHS), which for the first time offers fast, reliable and effective automation of the flame photometry process. New “Auto Read” Technology is the foundation for automation The goal of an automated system is to perform tasks accurately, reliably and autonomously without the need for human intervention. By clever software/firmware handling of the input from our multiple channel detectors, stability of readings are analytically determined and no longer a subjective user decision. Printer This ultra reliable thermal printer sits atop the main flame photometer enclosure for footprint reduction in valuable lab space. The printer is supplied with print stock derived from recycled paper, has a 10 year shelf life and comes with soy based ink as standard. The dimensions of the unit were also designed to offer compatibility with standard calculator print paper available globally from any high street. Autosampler The BWB auto sampler is available as an optional extra for all the latest models of the BWB flame photometer. Autodiluter BWB has introduced an operator configurable 1:6 to 1:100 auto-diluter for the latest models of the BWB flame photometer. Download Datasheet Find Your Sales Rep

Application Note Measurement of Potassium and Sodium in Meat Return to All Applications Kirkton, A.H. & Pearson, A.M., ‘Comparison of Methods of Measuring Potassium in Pork and Lamb and Prediction of Their Composition from Sodium and Potassium’, J. Anim Sci, 22, (1963), p.125-131. AA Perkin. (1996). Analytical Methods for Atomic Absorptions Spectroscopy. page 30. Several different techniques can be used for sample digestion and extraction of sodium and/or potassium: oven ashing, perchloric acid ashing, extraction by boiling and acidification with HNO3 as well as extraction by homogenisation in 2% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Results of this investigation indicated that the TCA extraction method was repeatable and simple. The recovery of known amounts of potassium showed the method to be accurate. The results for sodium showed more variability and gave a value lower than expected by about 5%. The amount of potassium found in pork and lamb ranged between 1750 and 3070ppm and the amount of sodium to be between 350 and 700 ppm. Procedure All solutions are prepared using deionised distilled water unless prompted otherwise. A sample weighing between 1.5 and 3.5grams of tissue is homogenised in 150ml of 2% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), then shaken well and stored overnight at 5ºC in a sealable polypropylene container to avoid sodium plating out onto glassware. The homogenised sample is filtered through Whatman number 40 filter paper into clean polyethylene bottles. A 5ml aliquot of the sample is made up to 15ml with 2% TCA. This solution is then used for sodium and potassium determination. Standards are then made for both sodium and potassium around the expected result. If unsure about the range in which the sample will be read at, the BWB Technology offers a single calibration point analysis. This can then be used to estimate an expected range of results and calibrated after this initial estimation of sample. Standards should be aspirated in order of lowest to highest to avoid previously ran standards contaminating the further calibration standards. It should also be noted that it is of vital importance that further sample dilution is required if the concentration is coming out at over 100ppm. Whilst the BWB Flame Photometer is able to detect ion concentrations over 100ppm, interference begins to become significant in the readings over 100ppm as well as matter being deposited onto the nebuliser array which can be released in later aspirations increasing signal noise and data stability. When Calibrating, all standard solutions should be made up with 2% TCA solution as well as a solution of 2% TCA ran as a blank to reduce chemical interferences. The blank can be run when prompted on the full range of BWB flame photometers. Chemical interference for sodium readings can be reduced by neutralising the solution with a few drops of base solution, however it should be taken into consideration that the base selected for neutralisation should not contain any ions that can contaminate readings. If a base is used to neutralise the solution it should be added to all standards and blanks in equal proportion. Return to All Applications

Application Note Measurement of Lithium Sea Water Return to All Applications ​ The effect of potential interference from other constituents of sea water was studied, including sodium, chloride and potassium. It was found that pre-concentration of the sea water was not necessary prior to analysis. A filtration of the sample was only necessary if sample contained suspended material. Introduction Deionised The effect of potential interferences from other constituents of sea water was studied, including sodium, chloride and potassium and the effects were considered negligible in the analysis. Preconcentration of the sample was not necessary prior to analysis. Filtration of the sample was recommended due to the presence of microscopic particulate matter present such as seaweed and plankton. Procedure Deionised distilled water is used throughout. Glassware is acid cleaned in nitric acid and rinsed thoroughly in deionised water prior to use to avoid contamination. A single point calibration should be carried out to estimate the concentration of Lithium. From this estimate, standard solutions should be made to cover a range to give a better determination of the samples lithium concentration. The sample was filtered into a 100ml volumetric flask using a fine grade filter paper and funnel. The sample did not require any further pre-treatment and was ready for analysis. Further considerations which could be carried out is measuring the weight of the filter paper prior to filtration, drying it post filtration and measuring the additional materials filtered out by reweighing the dry filter paper. This can then be wet ashed with a strong acid and a high temperature oven, then diluted into a 100ml volumetric flask ready for analysis. This would give a reading of available lithium in sea water as well as a “trapped” lithium reading. Preparation of Standard Graph Set the flame photometer in accordance to MultiPoint/Single Ion Calibration found on page 24 of the BWB Technologies Installation and Operation Manual, to measure potassium emission. Nebulise the working standard solutions and adjust the controls until steady zero and maximum readings are obtained. Nebulise the intermediate working standard solutions and construct a graph relating raw emission data (known as RAW in BWB the flame photometer) to concentration of all the standard solutions. Return to All Applications

Application Note Measurement of Calcium in DNA and DNP Return to All Applications Itzhaki, R., ‘Estimation of Calcium in Deoxyribonucleoprotein and Deoxyribonucleic Acid by Flame Photometry’, Anal. Biochem. 33, (1970), p.76-86 The calcium content of aqueous solutions of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) cannot assayed directly because of interference effects. An acid extraction procedure enabled direct measurements of calcium in DNA and DNP, or a standard addition technique was used at higher concentrations. Methodology Acid Extraction Acid extracts are prepared by adding 1 volume of 1 M HCl to 19 volumes of sample solution containing DNA or DNP in water, and allowed to stand at 70°C overnight in a temperature-controlled hotbox in a sealed receptacle to avoid the loss of water. Where a suspension is then present, the sample is centrifuged at 2000G for 10 minutes to obtain the soluble fraction. About 99% of the DNA and about 80% of the protein becomes soluble in HCl after standing overnight in HCl. The DNA concentration of DNP is approximately 40% w/w. The sample solution should have a concentration of DNA between 50ppm and 100ppm DNA. Therefor it should be noted that readings may cause a lack of stability if ion concentrations are present at over 100ppm. Whilst the flame photometer is able to detect ion readings over 100ppm it is not recommended. This is due to matter which can be deposited in the nebuliser and effect further measurements by the droplets departing during other measurements. This means that the frequency that the nebuliser requires cleaning is increased and further dilution of the sample is recommended. Calibration of the photometer To calibrate the flame photometer a 1000ppm calcium stock solution is diluted into the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100ppm along with a 0ppm blank solution in 100ml volumetric flasks. These solutions were then aspirated into the flame photometer starting with the blank solution and working up in concentration. Standard Addition Technique The standard addition technique is a means of estimating the concentration in a solution where interfering metals are also known to be present. Return to All Applications

Application Note Measurement of Sodium and Potassium in Dried Milk Return to All Applications AOAC International, ‘AOAC Official Method 990.23: Sodium and Potassium in Dried Milk’, AOAC International (2008), 33.5.12. Dried milk was dissolved into an aqueous solution for analysis via flame photometry The test solutions and reference solutions are measured directly following dilution with deionised distilled water. Procedure Thoroughly clean and rinse all glassware with deionised distilled water prior to use. It is recommended that polyethylene is used to ensure that sodium does not plate out onto glassware. If glass is only available then sodium determinations must be carried out rapidly to avoid inconsistencies. The sample should be weighed to nearest 1mg; 1.25g of test sample was weighed for analysis. Transfer test sample to 50ml glass beaker and dissolve in approximately 20ml warm deionised water (40º - 50ºC), alternately a steam bath can be used to heat the sample to ensure total dissolution into the solvent. Quantitatively transfer contents of beaker to 500mL volumetric flask, cool to 20ºC and dilute to volume. Mix thoroughly via inversion. Aspirate solutions into flame, beginning with the standard having the lowest concentration. Typically dried whole milk solution contains approximately 10mg/l sodium and 40mg/l potassium. The results will not be reliable if this solution contains insoluble particles. If insoluble particulate matter is present in the sample, filter the sample through Whatman No.40 filter paper. The filter paper should be weighed on an analytical balance prior to filtration, and then the solution filtered and the paper dried in an oven at low temperature then reweighed and the difference calculated between the pre and post filter paper. This should then be accounted for when calculating concentrations by weight. If calcium determination is required, 5ml of 1g/l lanthanum chloride solution was added to negate phosphate interference in the sample. Preparation of Standard Graph Set the flame photometer in accordance to MultiPoint/Single Ion Calibration found on page 24 of the BWB Technologies Installation and Operation Manual, to measure potassium emission. Nebulise the working standard solutions and adjust the controls until steady zero and maximum readings are obtained. Nebulise the intermediate working standard solutions and construct a graph relating raw emission data (known as RAW in BWB the flame photometer) to concentration of all the standard solutions. Return to All Applications

The BWB Flash Flame Photometer Our newest flame photometry platform Features Specs In The Box Apps FAQs Features Large 5" touch screen display compatible with the majority of disposable laboratory gloves True ease of use with large buttons and simple to understand text and symbols Built-in air compressor and gas regulator Calibration standards supplied as standard in 10,000ppm concentrations Auto-read technology enables operator independent determination of results User selectable decimal places IQ, OQ, PQ web-based certification available: IQ OQ PQ is completely unique to the analytical instrumentation arena. Available in English, Russian, German, Mandarin, French and Spanish. More languages in development. Complete set of basic labware included to get you started Finally, a flame photometer specific to your needs. The first simultaneous flame photometer with built in compressor and configurable element analysis to your requirements. The BWB Flash is the first and only fully configurable, up to four channel flame photometer that detects and displays all calibrated ions at the same time. The BWB Flash was created by combining the award-winning features of our XP model with new, innovative, and cutting-edge technology to provide unrivalled levels of accuracy, usability, and reliability while significantly reducing analysis time. When a different measurement is required, our customers do not need to waste valuable time changing filters and re-calibrating, as is a common requirement in all other Flame Photometer designs from 1951 to the present. Our metal casework creates a sturdy portable instrument with nearly limitless future recycling possibilities. Of course, ROHS-compliant components and materials are used throughout. The BWB Carbon Footprint is exceptionally low, in keeping with the company’s goals of being a responsible manufacturer, and we’ve succeeded in lowering the gas consumption rate by 13% while also lowering the electricity consumption (kWh) by 26% compared to previous model generations. Unlike other manufacturers who charge extra for essential accessories, BWB includes everything needed to use the product right away. Simply add Gas!! (Propane, LPG, or butane) We also include data sharing via USB from the BWB Flash to your PC as standard. This connects the BWB Flame Emission Spectrometer (FES) output to the Internet or your company intranet systems, allowing for Distributed Control, which is critical for multinational corporations, universities, and government agencies. The BWB Flash is available in 7 different models with a variety of different detection capabilities. This table details each of the models: Model Ions Detected FL-C Ca FL-K K FL-L Li FL-N Na FL-2 Na & K FL-3 Na, K & Li FL-4 Na, K, LI & Ca Download Datasheet Find Your Sales Rep

Thanks for Requesting a Quote We've received your submission and will review it shortly. Your information is being passed to your local distributor and they'll get back to you shortly, but please be aware that it might not be immediate, depending on timing & availability. We prioritise these requests though so we will be as quick as possible. The Common Key Features of Our Flame Photometers To offer even further accuracy the majority of instruments across our model range enable up to 10 point calibration curves to be generated per element. This results in a highly accurate method of analysis given that most elements do not have a linear emission spectra, although this is certainly the claim from other manufacturers. Advanced Calibration Hover for more Highly accurate calibration curves can be generated with up to 10 points of calibration per element. Multi-Ion and Multi-Point standards can be used to further expedite your time to analysis. Our range of instruments are all derived from our award winning and best-selling base platform, the XP model. Our five element simultaneous detection system is revolutionary, enabling you to easily calibrate and analyse all five elements at the same time without changing filters. Simultaneous Detection & Display Hover for more Our simultaneous detection and display of all 5 elements drastically speeds up the sample throughput time and prevents operators from constant recalibration procedures. 'One of our top priorities is accessibility and convenience, for all of our international clients. That is why we have a minimalist interface with intuitive controls, and no complicated buttons or dials. Our keypads and FLASH capacitive touch displays were designed by user ergonomic experts, to help us provide the smoothest user experience. Intuitive Interface Hover for more 'With thousands of instruments in use around the world, ensuring accessibility for all is important to us. The BWB range offers easy to use LCD driven user prompts to help you have the best experience with your instrument. 'The BWB range of instruments incorporate a service and oil free compressor built into the system. Our design saves valuable lab space, and removes the issues that old, noisy, leak-prone oil compressors create. This drastically reduces interference and allows a strict control of air flow and known pressures, resulting in stable flame conditions and exceptional quality of result determination. Built-In Air Compressor Hover for more 'Our systems all have a service and oil free compressor, to prevent interferences, noise and footprint. 'Our PC software, included with every instrument, supports further work with your data. The reporting feature generates CSV and PDF reports for your analysed samples and calibration curves can be downloaded from the instrument and saved for later recall. Free PC Software Hover for more 'We offer free PC software that enables the user to create CSV and PDF reports and traceability. We understand that not all labs will have the availability of propane gas ready to use, although propane does offer some of the best results for flame photometry, the instrument can be used with butane or even natural gas without modification. Gas Selection Hover for more A specially developed built in gas regulator enabling the use of Propane, LPG, Butane or Natural Gas (Methane) as standard and with no user modification required. Boasting internal storage for up to 200 results, the instrument surpasses the outdated analogue counterparts that are still prevalent in the market. You can conveniently access the results when needed or easily transfer them to your PC for further use. Internal Results Storage Hover for more Utilise the instrument as a standalone device with no PC requirement. Up to 200 results can be stored within the internal memory. BWB Flame Photometers were designed from the ground up using the newest and most innovative technology to give the user unsurpassed levels of accuracy, usability and reliability; it's able to do all this while still significantly reducing analysis times. We are always improving our products to make sure that we keep ahead of the demanding needs of elemental analysis. Continuous Development Hover for more Our Flame Photometers are designed from the ground up from experts in the field and our continuous development nature ensures that instruments remain at the cutting edge year on year. We supply absolutely everything you'll need to start using our instruments straight out of the box. Calibration standards and basic labware enables the rapid creation of calibration standards. You can be running results within an hour of unboxing. Just Add Gas Hover for more We do not believe in hidden charges and additional accessories. To start using your award winning BWB instrument, all you need to do is 'Just Add Gas!'