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The BWB BIO with AFHS Tech Data BWB's highly automated flame photometry platform for biological applications. Features Specs In The Box Apps FAQs Features Built around BWB’s proprietary “auto read” technology “IRS” (Internal Reference Standard) available Compatible with all 2014 and forwards BWB flame photometer models 5 user selectable tray calibration correction points User selectable dilution ratio Purpose built auto diluter On demand printing of key analysis data with BWB’s integrated printer A single shared power source for the auto sampler and auto diluter Up to 89 samples Interchangeable sample tray Additional sample trays available for 1ml & 3ml sample cups Large stocks of sample cups held for same day dispatch to prevent delays BWB's simple, robust & reliable Automated Fluid Handling System (AFHS) paired with our BIO flame photometer. BWB customers rely on our instrumentation that may run throughout the day processing tens or even hundreds of samples. Until now this operation has been a manual process and requires an operator present to introduce each sample. Many organisations are striving for greater efficiency and automation of their laboratory processes and in response BWB have a solution. The new Automatic Fluid Handling System (AFHS), which for the first time offers fast, reliable and effective automation of the flame photometry process. ​ New “Auto Read” Technology is the foundation for automation The goal of an automated system is to perform tasks accurately, reliably and autonomously without the need for human intervention. By clever software/firmware handling of the input from our multiple channel detectors, stability of readings are analytically determined and no longer a subjective user decision. ​ Printer This ultra reliable thermal printer sits atop the main flame photometer enclosure for footprint reduction in valuable lab space. The printer is supplied with print stock derived from recycled paper, has a 10 year shelf life and comes with soy based ink as standard. The dimensions of the unit were also designed to offer compatibility with standard calculator print paper available globally from any high street. ​ Autosampler The BWB auto sampler is available as an optional extra for all the latest models of the BWB flame photometer. ​ Autodiluter BWB has introduced an operator configurable 1:6 to 1:100 auto-diluter for the latest models of the BWB flame photometer. Download Datasheet Find Your Sales Rep

The BWB SynFuels Flame Photometer Elemental analysis for synthetic fuel and bio-fuel production. Features Specs In The Box Apps FAQs Features Simultaneous detection and display of all 4 atoms of interest “IRS” (Internal Reference Standard) caesium or lithium option Intuitive user interface for true ease of use Display prompts step by step operation Built-in air compressor Solutions and labware included Data sharing via pc link Operator independent determination of results 4 user selectable units of measure User selectable decimal places Optional integrated printer uses readily available paper (added option) IQ, OQ, PQ web-based certification available Correction of Ca for the interference from high levels of Na Reliable and accurate analysis of all four atoms of interest to the synthetic and bio fuel production lines. This powerful and growing global industry now has the attending facilities for Synthetic Fuels or Bio-Fuels production. For this derivative product BWB Technologies offers a hybridized Flame Photometer we have named Syn Fuels. ​ The BWB SYN FUELS Flame Photometer is the first and only 4 channel flame photometer with simultaneous detection and display of all 4 elements. A high quality and high performance instrument, the BWB SYN FUELS employs modern technology to improve both accuracy and stability while significantly reducing analysis time. ​ The fluid handling sections of the BWB SYN FUELS Flame Photometer incorporate proprietary engineered thermoplastics that are highly chemically resistant to withstand the solvents encountered in Synthetic Fuels production facilities. ​ The majority of our Global clients purchase a BWB Sugar FES for the beet or cane refining plant and the Syn Fuels FES for the bio-conversion plant site. ​ For non Sugar processors embracing Syn Fuels, the BWB XP is typically the BWB FES of interest during the bio-conversion processes. Download Datasheet Find Your Sales Rep

Frequently Asked Questions Here are the most common questions we're asked about BWB Flame Photometers. If you can't find the answers you need here, get in touch and we will try to get your questions answered quickly. To filter your search to more relevant answers, use the search box provided below: Filter results: Yes, all elements can be calibrated at the same time using single or multiple calibration standards. Can I calibrate all elements at the same time? Calibration correction allows you to correct a calibration curve using just a Blank and/or the highest point within the curve. This helps to correct for drift. What is calibration correction? Drift can occur over the period of a day as environmental factors such as air temperature, humidity and barometric pressure change. The instrument employs the use of a live flame; a flame is affected by all of these factors and more, for instance, a higher humidity level means less oxygen in the air. What is drift in relation to a calibration curve? Multiple factors can cause drift, just a few include; air temperature, environmental pressure and humidity, sample head. What causes drift? This is the distance from the nebuliser to the top of the liquid sample being analysed. As the head increases the sample flow rate (aspiration rate) will decline marginally, it is strongly recommended to sample from broad sample cups rather than tall and narrow sample cups. We provide 100 disposable cups with every instrument to get you started and offer them for sale straight from stock. What is meant by sample head? This can be found in the technical data for the particular model, we suggest that in all cases, in order to maintain most consistent results and prevent a requirement for increased cleaning, you keep all concentrations presented to the flame below 100ppm. This can be achieved by calibration and sample dilution. What is the detection range for each element? In the majority of our models you can calibrate a curve with up to 10 points, in our BIO range (BIO, BIO-AV & BIO-943*) you can calibrate with up to 5 points of calibration. In both cases this excludes the Blank. *USA market only What is the maximum number of calibration points for a multi-point calibration? All of our instruments include a gas detection module that detects (by ‘smell’) a gas leak, this is far more sensitive than the human nose and can alerts you to small weeps that may otherwise go un-noticed. We also include flame detection via infrared analysis, safety gas cut off and low level detection in the waste cup* *Not included on the Flash instrument range What safety features are present on the instrument? We offer the ability for gas adjustment in order to fine tweak the flame to set it to the optimum level, the average gas consumption rate is 0.155 Litres per minute. What is the gas consumption rate and can it be adjusted? We supply everything you need to use the instrument straight out of the box, excluding the gas. You can find a full list of everything included under the ‘in the box’ section on each product page. We supply all of the calibration standards relevant to the elements within each instrument and offer them ex-stock available for purchase to replenish your supplies. What reagents do I need to purchase? Yes, this is fitted to the instrument and we supply a gas hose (conforming to UK standards) to connect your gas source to the regulator, the regulator can be supplied with a maximum of 16 BarG. Does the system come with a gas regulator? There are quite a few differences between Flame AES and Flame AAS. Both introduce the ions into the flame where they are put in an excited state. With FES (also known as AES), as the excited state "relaxes" it emits light of a specific colour which is then detected. The more light detected the more ion is in the sample. With Flame AAS, the excited state will absorb certain colours. A white light containing all colours is passed through the flame and the excited ions will absorb certain colours. The degree of absence of those colours is a measure of the concentration in the sample. What is the difference between Flame AAS and Flame FES? Yes we do, our BIO instrument is supplied with mmol/L calibration standards, alternatively, these can be purchased individually or as part of a kit. Do you have calibration standards in mmol/L ? Multiple the mmol/L value by the atomic mass of the element, for example Lithium (Li) has an atomic mass of 6.94, if we had 10mmol/L of Li, this would equate to approximately 69.4ppm. How do I convert mmol/L to ppm It depends on what stage of the process you wish to measure. The actual biodiesel cannot be run through the flame photometer. However, if you’re interested in the waste portion to ensure that the Na & K have been fully flushed out then this would be possible. Many of these soap-like compounds are washed out with water, as long as the measurement is conducted towards the end of the final wash then analysis should be ok. Conducting the analysis too early through the wash period could lead to the soap-like compounds forming foam inside the mixing chamber and affecting the instrument stability. Can we measure Na & K in Bio Diesel using your instruments? Yes we do, we supply paper copies of all certificates of analysis with each of our calibration standards, in addition, further copies can be downloaded on demand from our online portal or customer portal. Do you supply certificates of analysis with calibration standards? You can download these from our website or though our customer portal. How do I get copies of the calibration standards certificate of analysis? Our specifications are designed to give a comparative assessment against competing brands, and allow for a variety of applications and methods of analysis. In some cases it is more than acceptable to sample solutions containing greater than 100ppm. We suggest, however, that samples are kept below 100ppm for 2 reasons: 1. Higher than 100ppm and the interferences between ions starts to become significant. This will throw off the results or will require matrix corrections when calibrating. 2. High concentrations of salts will build up in the mixing chamber/burner where they can come off sporadically causing an unstable signal. This then requires those parts to be cleaned very often, possibly several times a day, which is not very desirable for the user. Why do your specifications state limits of analysis greater than your 100ppm recommendation? Everything you mention about the environmental situation will affect the stability from air temperature to humidity and barometric pressure. Na will be the worst because there is a lot of Na in smoke, dust, exhaust and hair. The K is not quite as prevalent in the environment as Na and Li is not at all. What environmental factors can affect the stability? We strongly suggest using propane, typically most industrial grades are acceptable and a clinical grade is not required. Butane, however, is most preferred when conduction sample analysis for Barium only. All of our instrument from 2019 allow the operator to select the gas source from a choice of propane, butane and methane (natural gas / town gas) without any modification. What is the recommended gas to operate a flame photometer? Yes, you have the option of configuring the system to show a maximum of 1, 2 or 3 decimal places per element and each element can be configured differently. The decimal point will then auto range to your maximum setting based on the value of the sample. The ranges are as follows: • 9.999 • 99.99 • 999.9 • 9999.9 Can I change how many decimal points are displayed? Yes, all of our instruments allow for the operator to change the units of measure, the units will be updated on the next calibration. Please note that the instrument does not carry out any calculation when changing from one set of units to another, it is merely for display. The units can be selected from the following list: • ppm • mmol/L • meq/L • mg/L • units • % Is it possible to change the units of measure? Yes this will not be a problem. It’s important to ensure that your calibration standards are also prepared to reflect this content so that accurate results are achieved. Can I use samples containing 0.1mL per Litre of sulphuric acid? No, we do not suggest this due to the wetted materials. HF will cause irreparable damage to these components and even when used in small concentrations damage will occur over time. The use of HF voids any warranty. Can I use samples containing Hydrofluoric acid (HF)? Yes, the instrument will store a calibration until the user deletes or overwrites it, in addition you can export the calibration data to a .csv file using our PC software, supplied free of charge with every instrument. Can I save a calibration curve? Yes, the instrument will remember your calibration data until your delete or overwrite it. Does the instrument remember the calibration data? Yes, the instrument has a built in storage facility for samples results up to 200 (but this maximum can be configured by the user). You can also use the PC software, provided free of charge with every instrument to export the results to .pdf or .csv reports. Does the instrument remember sample results? This varies and we cannot provide an exact answer, there are so many different variables that have an effect on flame stability that every application will be slightly different. However, we offer the ability to carry out a calibration correction (using just the Blank and maximum calibration point) to adjust the curve to the conditions at that time. This speeds up the process of keeping a calibration at its most accurate. How often do I need to carry out a calibration? Yes, all flame photometers require a period of time to reach thermal equilibrium. The exact time will depend on the conditions of the local environment. On average if the ambient is approximately 20°C then we suggest a period of 20-40 minutes for warm up. Does the flame photometer require a period of warm up before it is used? Yes, the BWB-XP is ideally suited to be used with waters from lakes, streams, rivers, and lagoons. Depending on the concentrations of the ions the samples will probably need to be diluted for the measurement and the reading then multiplied by the dilution factor to get the final result. The ranges for each ion are: • Na= 0-1000ppm • K= 0-1000ppm • Li= 0-1000ppm • Ca= 10-1000ppm • Ba= 30-3000ppm However, BWB Technologies do not recommend that routine measurements be used at the higher concentrations. For the best results the samples should be diluted so they are around 100ppm or less. Can I use the instrument for analysis of all 5 elements in water samples from natural environments? Matrix is the set of all the species that are present. Some of them we want to measure, some of them interfere with what we want to measure, and some of them are in the background that may or may not affect our results. For example, Wine samples have alcohol present in them, we know that alcohol will affect the flame which in turn affects the results so we have to add alcohol to our calibration standards to help ensure the standards have a similar matrix as a sample and therefore behave in a similar manner within the flame. What does the term ‘Matrix’ mean? Yes we do, we include a bottle of ‘Diluent Concentrate’ with all of instruments, and additional bottles can be purchased when required. Do you recommend the use of a surfactant? This is a surfactant and lowers the surface tension of the fluid to aid in the atomisation of the sample. What is the purpose of Diluent Concentrate? The use of a surfactant helps to lower the surface tension of the fluids, this aids the atomisation process of the fluid and creates a finer and more consistently sized mist in the mixing chamber. You can therefore expect a greater ratio of sample making it to the flame in a more consistent patterns giving more accurate and stable results. Why should I use a surfactant or Diluent Concentrate in my analysis? We do not use a water separator nor do we need one with our BWB-XP flame photometer. Other makers use a much higher air pressure with an external compressor and do need the water separator. Our compressed air is much lower in pressure and does not have the issue of water ‘falling out’. Do you specify the requirement of a water separator like other flame photometers do? We think so, yes. We also have many clients all across the globe that have done exactly this and are more than happy with the new modern instrument. Is the BWB Flame photometer a good replacement for the IL 943 (IL943)? This depends whether you’re analysing the sample using manual methods or with our Automatic Fluid Handling System (AFHS) and whether or not you’re conducting Auto-Dilutions. For our stand alone instrument used in manual mode we suggest 3mL of sample, with AFHS that increases to 5mL and where a sample is diluted using our automatic diluter as part of the AFHS then the final volume needs to be 5mL, so if diluting 100:1 you would need 0.05mL of sample. That being said, there are practical limitations too, for instance 0.05mL in the bottom of a sample vial would be difficult for the cannula to extract and so 0.5mL would be suggested in one of our 1mL sample vials. If you have a particularly small volume of sample, please get in touch and we can offer further advice and guidance. How much sample do I need for analysis? The highly concentrate calibration standards we provide have a 2 year shelf life from point of manufacture. We never supply calibration standards with less than 6 months shelf life. Typically most calibration standards are supplied with 12-23 months of shelf life. How long do calibration standards last? Yes, we provide what we call a RAW value, this value represents the analogue to digital conversion of the signal strength at a point in time, the higher the RAW the greater the signal strength. We use the RAW as a figure to create calibration curves and record results. The RAW is displayed and you can use this to create your own graphs. Does the instrument provide any reference for me to create my own calibration curves independent of the instrument? Yes, all of our instruments can be configured for Process Control and some come as standard configured for this application. The instrument can monitor and sample a continual flow 24/7 if so required. Contact us for the full brochure. Do your instruments allow for continual sample analysis from a pipeline? No, the use of acetylene gas will cause a hazardous and very dangerous situation, leading to the possibility of explosion and catastrophic equipment failure. This would not be covered under warranty. Can I use acetylene gas to increase the flame temperature? No, the use of oxygen will cause a hazardous and very dangerous situation, leading to the possibility of explosion and catastrophic equipment failure. This would not be covered under warranty. Can I use oxygen as a secondary air source? Multi-point calibrations can be used in all cases and is recommended where greater precision is needed. Single-point calibrations should only be carried out when the concentrations of the samples are at or below those stated in the Operating manual. For example if measuring Na at around 20ppm it would be acceptable to carry out only a single point calibration, however, if you have a range of sample between 0-20ppm then a multi-point calibration would enhance your accuracy. In other cases where the sample concentration is higher, then multi-point calibrations are nearly always recommended. It’s important to use calibration standards around the range of analysis, so if your samples are 80-100ppm then we would suggest a set of calibration standards at 70, 80, 90, 100 & 100 ppm. How do I choose whether single point or multi point calibrations are best for my application? Yes, but be caution of cross contamination, and variances and tolerances in pipettes. Good lab Practice should be employed at all times. In order to help ensure precise sampling, can we use a transfer pipette? A de-proteinising solution is any cleaning agent that works well cleaning off proteins. Decon 90 is one of these types of cleaning agents that we provide. Proteins in samples can clog the capillary tube of the nebuliser and, with extended use, form a coating in the mixing chamber and burner tube where they can affect the results. Regular cleaning should form part of a maintenance schedule, more of which is discussed in the operator manual. What is a de-proteinising solution? The burning of a propane flame is not harmful, however, your samples may well be. It is down to each laboratory to conduct their own risk assessment based on the contents of samples to determine whether a fume cupboard is required. If used then it is important that the draw of air flow does not have an impact on the stability of the flame. Do I have to run the instrument in a fume cupboard? Our operator manual gives a clearly defined maintenance schedule and instructions for the cleaning of each component but if you need some advice prior to purchasing then please get in touch and we’ll be more than happy to help. How do I clean a flame photometer? This varies per application and per laboratory, some samples will be particularly aggressive or contain large salt content and so more regular cleaning may be required. Our operator manual gives a clearly defined minimum maintenance schedule and instructions for the cleaning of each component but is down to the standard operation procedures of each laboratory to determine if this is satisfactory based on the application. We can of course support with advice and guidance where required, just get in touch. How regularly must I carry out cleaning or maintenance? You cannot, it is of vital importance that you make no attempt to adjust the nebuliser from the factory supplied setting. Adjustment of the nebuliser invalidates the warranty for the component and will prevent you from achieving results meeting our published specification. How do I configure the nebuliser?

Application Note Units of Concentration Return to All Applications Geyer, Robert & Bowie, E.‘The Direct Microdetermination of Tissue Calcium by Flame Photometry’,Anal Biochem, 2, (1961), p. 360-369. There are many different ways to express concentration of a solution. Molarity (M) Molarity is probably the most commonly used unit of concentration. It is the number of moles of solute per litre of solution (not necessarily the same as the volume of solvent). The SI unit of molarity is mol/dm3 Molality (m) Molality is defined as a concentration of moles per unit mass. With the weight of water being 1kg per litre, molality and molarity are interchangeable, however when diluting in for example ethanol, the weight of solution is different. SI units for molality is mol/kg Parts per Million (ppm) Parts per million works as percent by mass, but is a more convenient way of expressing concentration when there is only a small amount of solute present. Therefore, ppm is defined as the mass of the component in solution divided by the total mass of the solution multiplied by 106 (one million): A solution with a concentration of 1 ppm has 1 gram of substance for every million grams of solution. Because the density of water is 1 gram per ml and if a tiny amount of solute is added, the density of a solution at such a low concentration remains approximately 1 gram per ml. Therefore, in general, one ppm implies one milligram of solute per litre of solution. Percentage (%) A one percent solution is equivalent to 10,000 ppm. Therefore, something that has a concentration of 300 ppm could also be said to have a concentration of (300 ppm)/(10,000 ppm/percent) = 0.03% percent by mass. Mass per Unit Volume (mg/ml or mg/cm3) Some MSDS's (Material Safety Data Sheet) use milligrams per millilitre (mg/ml) or milligrams per cubic centimetre (mg/cm3). Note that 1 ml = 1 cm3 and that cm3 is sometimes denoted as a "cc”. Mass per unit volume is useful when expressing how soluble a material is in water or a particular solvent. For example, "the solubility of substance X is 3 grams per litre". Percent by Mass (% w/w) also called weight percent or percent by weight, this is simply the mass of the solute divided by the total mass of the solution and multiplied by 100%. Normality (N) Whilst the unit is archaic in modern chemistry, it is still used in medicine and found in older papers. It is defined as the molar concentration divided by an equivalent factor. It can be expressed as eq/l (equivalent per liter) or meq/l (millieqivalent per litre of 0.001N which can be found in medical reports). It is can either be based on its electron displacement, or on acid/base displacement. For example a solution of HNO3 with a concentration of 1M would have a normality concentration of 1N, as one mole of hydrogen ions is displaced per mole of nitric acid. A solution of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) of concentration 0.5M would have a normality of 1N, as one mole of barium hydroxide displaces two hydroxide ions per mole of barium hydroxide. A solution of Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3) with a concentration of 0.25M would have a normality of 0.75N, due to Aluminium displacing 3 electrons; therefor the normality is 3 times greater than the molarity. Return to All Applications

The BWB BIO Flame Photometer Our flagship photometer for biological applications. Features Specs In The Box Apps FAQs Features Specially configured for a range of user interests “IRS” (Internal Reference Standard) caesium or lithium option Single point calibration correction Internal reference standards 5 and 6 point multi-ion calibration standards for urine and serum included Analysing Li and Ca along with Na and K Operator independent determination of results Advanced automated determination of results Integrated printer with environmentally friendly ink IQ, OQ, PQ web-based certification standard on BIO and available on all BWB FES units Correction of Ca for the interference from high levels of Na A specialist flame photometer for use with biological samples and special built in features for the analysis of blood and urine. The BWB BIO has been created for measuring biological solutions and is modernized for today’s research work; which requires routine, quick measurements, with high levels of accuracy for lithium, calcium, sodium and potassium elements. Our recent release is the combination of several “wish lists” from PhD’s in Germany, Chile, Colombia, USA and Canada principally in renal research, diabetes and Alzheimer’s research. Production reagents and solutions QA and QC are facilitated quickly by our unique simultaneous detection and data processing for all atoms of interest. When connected to a PC with the BWB FP-PC app, the user can create .pdf files, .csv files, data presentations and reports that include all the key analysis data. The FP-PC Software also allows setup of the Automatic Fluid Handling System, AFHS, originally designed to work specifically with the BIO unit. The software enables you to view and edit the calibration curves. The intuitive user-friendly operation of the BWB BIO spans all languages and appeals to all levels of users. The BWB BIO is the must-have instrument in today’s research laboratory. For sites that do not allow PCs or data acquisition in the test lab, the Printer provides the “hard copy” required for QA and QC purposes. The environmentally friendly print ink used by the printer has a minimum character capture life of 10 years. The printer is also compatible with other readily available paper stock. To enhance accuracy and reproducibility there is an option to use either Caesium or Lithium as an Internal Reference System (IRS) that acts as an internal standard to adjust small changes during calibration and measuring. Download Datasheet Find Your Sales Rep

Industry Leading Software & Systems You're purchasing more than an instrument At BWB Technologies, we know that an accurate flame photometer is only half the solution. The rest is all about how to make the instrument work for you in your environment...not just at the time of purchase, but for the instrument's life time. That's why we have a raft of services and resources to make set-up and maintenance as easy as possible. Beyond the Instrument Learn More Truly automate flame photometry analysis with our Automated Fluid Handling System (AFHS) products - auto sampler, auto diluter and printer. Save time, increase productivity, automate analysis and improve reproducibility & accuracy. Automation Systems Contact Us BWB Technologies supply a range of products for our customers to ensure that their flame photometer performs to the highest standards for years to come! We offer FAST delivery - call us today! Consumables Learn More The IQ OQ PQ programme exists to ensure the end user has the technical knowledge and after sales support required to install and initialise their BWB Flame Photometer and the technical know-how and confidence to operate any of our 2015 and later range of flame photometers correctly and efficiently on a daily basis. IQ OQ PQ Certification Learn More The BWB flame photometer has been configured to easily satisfy the most sophisticated IT requirements. The FP-PC app provides a useful interface to the BWB Flame Photometer (FP) facilitating the a wide range of operations. FP-PC App Learn More Continuing to build on modern technologies, BWB have created an industry leading USB flash drive packed full of features and resources designed to aide BWB customers in their daily analysis and BWB experience. BWB Drive Printer This ultra reliable thermal printer sits atop the main flame photometer enclosure for footprint reduction in valuable lab space. The printer is supplied with print stock derived from recycled paper, has a 10 year shelf life and comes with soy based ink as standard. The BWB auto sampler is available as an optional extra for all the latest models of the BWB flame photometer. Autosampler BWB has introduced an operator configurable 1:6 to 1:100 auto-diluter for the latest models of the BWB flame photometer. Autodiluter Automated Fluid Handling System Simple, robust & reliable Automated Fluid Handling System that works seamlessly with BWB’s range of Flame Photometers. The BWB Technologies AFHS - the next generation of automation BWB customers rely on our instrumentation that may run throughout the day processing tens or even hundreds of samples. Until now this operation has been a manual process and requires an operator present to introduce each sample. Many organisations are striving for greater efficiency and automation of their laboratory processes and in response BWB have a solution. The new Automatic Fluid Handling System (AFHS), which for the first time offers fast, reliable and effective automation of the flame photometry process. The installation qualification covers in detail the key steps required to correctly set up the BWB range of photometers and Auto Fluid Handling System. IQ stages include: maintenance and service plans, the installation environment and health and safety requirements. The documentation pack provided gives a complete historical overview of the equipment's purchase and installation, with each process being signed off by the operator / installation engineer. This is a key must have for large corporations and good laboratory practices. The dimensions of the unit were also designed to offer compatibility with standard calculator print paper available globally from any high street. View Products Calibration manipulation including: Upload from / download to the FP Storage / retrieval of calibrations using the PC or system hard drive These functions are provided by the Welcome, Calibrate, Report, Logging, AFHS tabs together with one more (XP-Cal or BIO-Cal) that is dependent on the mode that the FP is being operated in. The FP-PC app, included with every purchase, has been written with GLP compliance in mind and facilitates the creation of data and reports in PDF format. FP-PC Windows App The FP-PC app provides a useful interface to the BWB Flame Photometer (FP) facilitating the following operations: The BWB flame photometer has been configured to easily satisfy the most sophisticated IT requirements. Normal calibration Report production Logging of streaming data for continuous on-line applications. (A 4-20 mA signal can also be output proportional to a calibrated channel on the FP). Extraction of data from the flame photometer when operated in automatic or semi-automatic mode with or without auto-sampler / auto-diluter known as Automatic Fluid Handling System (AFHS) This wealth of information is provided in a beautifully designed BWB branded USB memory stick, which includes a built in flash light! BWB Drive Continuing to build on modern technologies, BWB Drive is designed to aide your daily analysis and BWB experience. Exclusively for BWB customers, this self-contained resource includes: BWB have created an industry leading USB flash drive packed full of features and resources. Tutorial videos in 10 languages PC and Mac compatibility FP-PC app installation package (PC only) Links to BWB’s growing online video library (internet connection required) Manuals, guides, warranty information and registration PDF A list of international support and distributor contact details 13 GB of free space for you to use as you please! IQ - Installation Qualification The installation qualification covers in detail the key steps required to correctly set up the BWB range of photometers and Auto Fluid Handling System. IQ stages include: maintenance and service plans, the installation environment and health and safety requirements. The documentation pack provided gives a complete historical overview of the equipment's purchase and installation, with each process being signed off by the operator / installation engineer. This is a key must have for large corporations and good laboratory practices. The operation qualification covers the steps required to ensure that the BWB flame photometer and AFHS are operating correctly. The user will undertake a series of hardware checks and test readings, providing the results to BWB for analysis. OQ - Operational Qualification The performance qualification has been designed to ensure that the instruments perform to the original factory specifications. PQ - Performance Qualification Once the IQ and OQ sections have been completed, the user runs a sample manually or using AFHS with the provided solutions, prints out the results and sends to BWB for analysis.After completion of the qualification and confirmation from BWB, a signed certificate will be issued to the user.IQ OQ PQ is a unique and effective program built to ensure technical ability, confidence and peace of mind for all users of the BWB 2015 and onwards Series of Flame Photometers and Auto Fluid Handling Systems. Upon completion and submission of the documentation pack and results from the PQ testing, certification is provided by BWB Technologies. The label provided within the kit can be dated and have the certificate number filled in to provide a local aid and reference point for operators and lab managers to clarify the equipment is in date and ready to use. IQ OQ PQ Certification The IQ OQ PQ programme has been specially created to ensure the end user has the technical knowledge and after sales support required to install and initialise their BWB Flame Photometer and the technical know-how and confidence to operate any of our 2015 and later range of flame photometers correctly and efficiently on a daily basis. Novel to BWB, our IQ OQ PQ Certification is run completely remote and online Get In Touch to Learn More

Application Note Measurement of Potassium in Unashed Plant Leaves Return to All Applications Mason, J.L, ‘Flame Photometric Determination of Potassium in Unashed Plant Leaves’, Anal. Chem., 35, (1963), p. 874-875. This method uses a suspension of ground plant material to directly measure the potassium concentration. It eliminates the usual steps of ashing and subsequent dissolution of the resulting ash. The method was compared to alternative methods such as chemical analysis and spectrophotometric methods. Collaborative studies using a range of samples gave a mean of 1.74% potassium by this extraction technique as compared to 1.75% by alternative methods. The standard deviation of an analysis in the two different sample sets was ±0.0086 and ±0.0108. Solution and Standard Preparation: Deionised distilled water was used throughout to prepare the sample solutions. Glycerol-2-propanol Reagent was prepared by adding 200mls of 2-propanol to 125 grams of glycerol. Sample Preparation Procedure: The air-dried plant material was ground in a mill fitted with a 60-mesh screen and the resulting powder was thoroughly mixed by tumbling end-over-end in a jar less than 50¼ full for 15 minutes. A 1-gram sample of the air-dried plant material was weighed into an aluminium weighing container and dried for 48 hours. The container was reweighed and the loss due to moisture is calculated. 25mg sample of the air-dried plant material was weighed into a 50ml Erlenmeyer flask. 10ml of Glycerol-2-propanol Reagent is pipetted onto the plant material and the mixture was gently swirled to wet the powder. The wetted plant material was quantitatively transferred to a 250 ml volumetric flask and made up to volume with deionised water. This is a 1:10,000 dilution. The suspensions can be analysed by directly introducing into the flame. Prior to measurement the suspension was thoroughly mixed and then allowed to stand for 5 minutes, to allow the particles to settle. The resulting reading should be corrected for moisture content and dilution factor. This is done by accounting for moisture loss during the drying process and also the 1;10,000 dilution to return you to the value of potassium in your original sample. Testing to factor in the difference in measured concentrations across a range of different parts of the plant that the tissue sample was acquired from should be accounted for into the results so that variances between samples can be accounted for when presenting data and sampling techniques. Preparation of Standard Graph To prepare the standard solutions for this analysis, 1000mg/l stock solution was used to form 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10mg/l standards in volumetric flasks by adding 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10ml of the 100mg/l stock solution respectively. Prior to bringing these solutions up to the mark 3.75ml of the glycerol-2-propanol reagent was added to each. A blank solution containing DI water and 3.75ml of the glycerol-2-propanol reagent was used. The flame photometer was turned on and allowed to stabilise over 30 minutes prior to calibration or analysis. To calibrate the flame photometer the samples were set to multipoint/single ion calibration mode found on page 24 of the BWB Technologies Installation and Operation Manual, to measure potassium emission. Return to All Applications

Application Note Measurement of Sodium and Potassium in Silicate Rocks Return to All Applications Gavindaraju, K. ‘Rapid Flame Photometric Determination of Sodium and Potassium in Silicate Rocks’, Appl.Spectroscopy, 20 (1966), p.302-304. This method for the measurement of sodium and potassium in silicate rocks uses a borate fusion technique. The sample is fused with a suitable fusion agent such as boric acid (H3BO3) and lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and the ground product is dissolved in dilute citric acid. The presence of other metals such as aluminium, calcium, iron, magnesium and silicon should not interfere with the measurement of sodium or potassium using this method. Procedure Fusion Agent The prefusion mixture is prepared by mixing and grinding together 200g H3BO3, 60g of Li2CO3, 30g of SrCO3 and 10g of Cobalt (II,III) oxide. This method utilises the breakdown of Cobalt (II,III) Oxide at 950 degrees centigrade to form Cobalt (II) Oxide, thus it is imperative that the oven is able to hit this temperature for the analysis. Sample preparation The sample is prepared by mixing 200mg of the ground rock powder with 4g of fusion agent. The fusion is carried out at 960ºC in a graphite crucible over a 3-hour period. The sample is then removed from the oven and allowed to cool to handling temperatures. The pellet is then removed from the base of the crucible and ground using a mortar and pestle into a fine powder. Method 1 A 500mg sample of the powdered fusion product is dissolved in 25ml of 10% HNO3. After filtering the precipitated SiO2 using a medium grade filter paper, the solution is diluted to 50ml using distilled water. In some cases, a second filtration step may be required prior to dilution. Method 2 A 500mg sample of the powdered fusion product is added to 25mls of 2.5% citric acid and heated to 90ºC. The fusion product should completely dissolve, apart from residual carbon-based powder from the crucible, which is filtered off using a medium grade filter paper. The filtrate is transferred to a 50ml volumetric flask and made up to volume. The solutions are then analysed using standards prepared from a similar solution (10% HNO3 + H2O or 2.5% citric acid + H2O). If more in depth analysis is required for the analysis, the standards can be matched to the sample matrix by forming a blank solution. This entails that the pellet formed in the crucible must be formed without the addition of the sample, then carried through the process as the sample had been, then utilising the “blank” option when calibrating the BWB-Tech flame photometer. Return to All Applications

Application Note Salinity in Processed Foods Return to All Applications Chen, M-J, et al., Flame photometrica determination of salinity in processed foods’, Food Chemistry, 91 (2005) p. 765-770. Sodium chloride is an essential ingredient of all processed foods; it is needed to enhance flavour and increase shelf life. In many processed foods, additional sodium is added as a flavour enhancer; potassium and calcium are also naturally present but not normally used as processing additives. The optimum linear range for sodium measurement is within the range of 5 to 20ppm. Dilution of food samples to fall within this concentration range also causes the concentration of normally occurring levels of potassium and calcium to fall below an interfering threshold. High levels of calcium fortification should not interfere with sodium measurement (equivalent to 10g calcium per 100g of starting material). However, relatively high levels of potassium could interfere with the measurement of sodium. Procedure Samples of both plant and animal origin can be analysed; in cases where packing liquid and solid matter are packed together, the entire contents are homogenised. A 10g portion of the slurry is sampled and mixed with deionised double distilled water (40ml) and centrifuged (15,000g, 40C, 10 min). The supernatant was diluted and used for analysis. The resulting solution should be stored in polyethylene bottles prior to analysis. n.b. The bottles should be washed thoroughly and bathed in 5% HNO3 and rinsed twice with double distilled water prior to use. Preparation of Standard Graph Set the flame photometer in accordance to MultiPoint/Single Ion Calibration found on page 24 of the BWB Technologies Installation and Operation Manual, to measure potassium emission. Nebulise the working standard solutions and adjust the controls until steady zero and maximum readings are obtained. Nebulise the intermediate working standard solutions and construct a graph relating raw emission data (known as RAW in BWB the flame photometer) to concentration of all the standard solutions. Return to All Applications

Thanks for Requesting our Product Comparison We've received your request. You will automatically receive an email from us shortly, with comparison attached. Wondering What Makes BWB Flame Photometers Unique? To offer even further accuracy the majority of instruments across our model range enable up to 10 point calibration curves to be generated per element. This results in a highly accurate method of analysis given that most elements do not have a linear emission spectra, although this is certainly the claim from other manufacturers. Advanced Calibration Hover for more Highly accurate calibration curves can be generated with up to 10 points of calibration per element. Multi-Ion and Multi-Point standards can be used to further expedite your time to analysis. Our range of instruments are all derived from our award winning and best-selling base platform, the XP model. Our five element simultaneous detection system is revolutionary, enabling you to easily calibrate and analyse all five elements at the same time without changing filters. Simultaneous Detection & Display Hover for more Our simultaneous detection and display of all 5 elements drastically speeds up the sample throughput time and prevents operators from constant recalibration procedures. 'One of our top priorities is accessibility and convenience, for all of our international clients. That is why we have a minimalist interface with intuitive controls, and no complicated buttons or dials. Our keypads and FLASH capacitive touch displays were designed by user ergonomic experts, to help us provide the smoothest user experience. Intuitive Interface Hover for more 'With thousands of instruments in use around the world, ensuring accessibility for all is important to us. The BWB range offers easy to use LCD driven user prompts to help you have the best experience with your instrument. 'The BWB range of instruments incorporate a service and oil free compressor built into the system. Our design saves valuable lab space, and removes the issues that old, noisy, leak-prone oil compressors create. This drastically reduces interference and allows a strict control of air flow and known pressures, resulting in stable flame conditions and exceptional quality of result determination. Built-In Air Compressor Hover for more 'Our systems all have a service and oil free compressor, to prevent interferences, noise and footprint. 'Our PC software, included with every instrument, supports further work with your data. The reporting feature generates CSV and PDF reports for your analysed samples and calibration curves can be downloaded from the instrument and saved for later recall. Free PC Software Hover for more 'We offer free PC software that enables the user to create CSV and PDF reports and traceability. We understand that not all labs will have the availability of propane gas ready to use, although propane does offer some of the best results for flame photometry, the instrument can be used with butane or even natural gas without modification. Gas Selection Hover for more A specially developed built in gas regulator enabling the use of Propane, LPG, Butane or Natural Gas (Methane) as standard and with no user modification required. Boasting internal storage for up to 200 results, the instrument surpasses the outdated analogue counterparts that are still prevalent in the market. You can conveniently access the results when needed or easily transfer them to your PC for further use. Internal Results Storage Hover for more Utilise the instrument as a standalone device with no PC requirement. Up to 200 results can be stored within the internal memory. BWB Flame Photometers were designed from the ground up using the newest and most innovative technology to give the user unsurpassed levels of accuracy, usability and reliability; it's able to do all this while still significantly reducing analysis times. We are always improving our products to make sure that we keep ahead of the demanding needs of elemental analysis. Continuous Development Hover for more Our Flame Photometers are designed from the ground up from experts in the field and our continuous development nature ensures that instruments remain at the cutting edge year on year. We supply absolutely everything you'll need to start using our instruments straight out of the box. Calibration standards and basic labware enables the rapid creation of calibration standards. You can be running results within an hour of unboxing. Just Add Gas Hover for more We do not believe in hidden charges and additional accessories. To start using your award winning BWB instrument, all you need to do is 'Just Add Gas!'

Thanks for Requesting a White Paper The BWB Guide to Flame Photometry You will automatically receive an email from us shortly, with document attached. Wondering What Makes BWB Flame Photometers Unique? To offer even further accuracy the majority of instruments across our model range enable up to 10 point calibration curves to be generated per element. This results in a highly accurate method of analysis given that most elements do not have a linear emission spectra, although this is certainly the claim from other manufacturers. Advanced Calibration Hover for more Highly accurate calibration curves can be generated with up to 10 points of calibration per element. Multi-Ion and Multi-Point standards can be used to further expedite your time to analysis. Our range of instruments are all derived from our award winning and best-selling base platform, the XP model. Our five element simultaneous detection system is revolutionary, enabling you to easily calibrate and analyse all five elements at the same time without changing filters. Simultaneous Detection & Display Hover for more Our simultaneous detection and display of all 5 elements drastically speeds up the sample throughput time and prevents operators from constant recalibration procedures. 'One of our top priorities is accessibility and convenience, for all of our international clients. That is why we have a minimalist interface with intuitive controls, and no complicated buttons or dials. Our keypads and FLASH capacitive touch displays were designed by user ergonomic experts, to help us provide the smoothest user experience. Intuitive Interface Hover for more 'With thousands of instruments in use around the world, ensuring accessibility for all is important to us. The BWB range offers easy to use LCD driven user prompts to help you have the best experience with your instrument. 'The BWB range of instruments incorporate a service and oil free compressor built into the system. Our design saves valuable lab space, and removes the issues that old, noisy, leak-prone oil compressors create. This drastically reduces interference and allows a strict control of air flow and known pressures, resulting in stable flame conditions and exceptional quality of result determination. Built-In Air Compressor Hover for more 'Our systems all have a service and oil free compressor, to prevent interferences, noise and footprint. 'Our PC software, included with every instrument, supports further work with your data. The reporting feature generates CSV and PDF reports for your analysed samples and calibration curves can be downloaded from the instrument and saved for later recall. Free PC Software Hover for more 'We offer free PC software that enables the user to create CSV and PDF reports and traceability. We understand that not all labs will have the availability of propane gas ready to use, although propane does offer some of the best results for flame photometry, the instrument can be used with butane or even natural gas without modification. Gas Selection Hover for more A specially developed built in gas regulator enabling the use of Propane, LPG, Butane or Natural Gas (Methane) as standard and with no user modification required. Boasting internal storage for up to 200 results, the instrument surpasses the outdated analogue counterparts that are still prevalent in the market. You can conveniently access the results when needed or easily transfer them to your PC for further use. Internal Results Storage Hover for more Utilise the instrument as a standalone device with no PC requirement. Up to 200 results can be stored within the internal memory. BWB Flame Photometers were designed from the ground up using the newest and most innovative technology to give the user unsurpassed levels of accuracy, usability and reliability; it's able to do all this while still significantly reducing analysis times. We are always improving our products to make sure that we keep ahead of the demanding needs of elemental analysis. Continuous Development Hover for more Our Flame Photometers are designed from the ground up from experts in the field and our continuous development nature ensures that instruments remain at the cutting edge year on year. We supply absolutely everything you'll need to start using our instruments straight out of the box. Calibration standards and basic labware enables the rapid creation of calibration standards. You can be running results within an hour of unboxing. Just Add Gas Hover for more We do not believe in hidden charges and additional accessories. To start using your award winning BWB instrument, all you need to do is 'Just Add Gas!'

The BWB Nuclear Flame Photometer Flame photometry for nuclear power plants Features Specs In The Box Apps FAQs Features 4 lithium detection channels focused for high accuracy lithium measurements 4-20mA SCADA™ two wire output set to client protocols In-built air compressor Solutions and labware included User selectable decimal places Data sharing via PC link with BWB’s FP-PC app IQ, OQ, PQ web-based certification available 10,000ppm calibration solution supplied, makes 15 litres of 100ppm solution 1ml and 10ml pipettes (10 each), 100x’s 20ml sample cups, 100ml flask An online, four channel detection system, designed for monitoring applications in nuclear power plants. The measurement of lithium at low concentrations within nuclear power stations has been identified as an application perfectly addressed by a new specialty flame photometer – The BWB Nuclear. ​ Designed in conjunction with our outstanding distributor in Germany, Mr. Wolfgang Glock, this unique flame photometer has 4 active channels for Lithium detection. Each channel is independently calibrated within the range of interest and this results in an increase of accuracy in keeping with industry demand. ​ Our simultaneous detection and display from each detection channel satisfies the requirement specifically and the tie of one of the channels to 2 wire 4-20mA output via supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA™) links, completes the unit for online use. ​ Data output via our FP-PC PC application enables data sharing over the internet or intranet for users sharing information. ​ Clients who utilize our unique “Collection Cup” feature realise online real time analysis. Optional for ‘online’, continuous measurements, the collection cup turns the BWB NUCLEAR FES into an ‘online’, real time, 24/7 analyser with 4-20mA output linked to a single channel. Via a 2 wire output the BWB FP can seamlessly integrate with any SCADA™ system. Totally unique and available on all models.” Download Datasheet Find Your Sales Rep

The BWB Soil Flame Photometer The first flame photometer optimised for the agricultural industry. Features Specs In The Box Apps FAQs Features Simultaneous detection and display of all 3 atoms of interest “IRS” (Internal Reference Standard) available Intuitive user interface for true ease of use Display prompts step by step operation Built-in air compressor Solutions and labware included Data sharing via pc link Operator independent determination of results 4 user selectable units of measure User selectable decimal places Integrated printer uses readily available paper IQ, OQ, PQ web-based certification available Can be used with either the BWB collection cup feature or our AFHS automated sample handling system Correction of Ca for the interference from high levels of Na Highly accurate and cost effective soil analysis designed to be used in the lab or 'on the road'. Potassium is essential to plant growth, fertilisers and soil substrates have been analysed using flame photometry for decades. Building upon 2017 research papers conducted by Professor Akiharu Sasaki for the specific use of flame photometer analysis in the agricultural industry over and above other methods of analysis the BWB SOIL Flame Photometer was born. This unique instrument has been designed and developed in conjunction with various field requests and operational requirements for the specific analysis of fertilisers and soil substrates. Building upon the footprint of the award winning BWB XP instrument the SOIL offers all the benefits of our base product optimised over and beyond the requirements for analysis in the agricultural industry. The SOIL instrument offers enhanced Ca detection alongside Sodium and Potassium with the option to utilise Lithium as an internal reference standard. The ease of portability of this instrument and ‘Just add Gas’ configuration allows the instrument to be set up in the back of a van and conduct field analysis on site at various geographical locations. With a thermal printer fitted as standard, traceability for sample analysis is maintained throughout. Download Datasheet Find Your Sales Rep

Customer Testimonials Real people, real reviews It's not just us that believe we offer the best solutions to your flame photometric analysis. Here are reviews from real people we've helped in the past. Leave BWB a Review on Google “ The BWB Flame Photometer is very easy to use. The reproducibility is very good. “ Lillian Custals USA University of Miami “ Easy to install, easy to handle, gives accurate measurements. “ Wolfgang Glock Germany THG-Glock Instruments “ The device works with great stability, in a wide measuring range and with good accuracy and reproducibility. “ PhD Eng. Katarzyna Stec Poland Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials “ Very good installation the diagnostic signaliser is the solution and show off their main desktop. “ Maria Szymoniak Poland Lafarge Cement S.A. - Cement Mill Kujawy “ I would like to inform you that the customer can work with their BWB-1 again already, and they are very very happy. Thank you so much for the kind support “ Nquyen Nhung Vietnam MEGATECH Technology & Equipment JSC “ After 5 years in operation, the Flame Photometer shows us many advantages. “ Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha Vietnam Institute of Agricultural Science for Southern Vietnam “ We are very happy so far with the purchase of our BWB-XP flame photometer. “ Richard Griffiths United Kingdom Fujifilm Imaging Colorants Ltd “ What attracted us to the BWB-XP was the apparent ease of operation, the key pad menu makes the unit both easy to set up and quick to calibrate. “ Mick Howards United Kingdom R-MC Power Recovery Ltd “ Even inexperienced customers have no trouble installing the instrument without supervision , by simply following the clear and user friendly instruction manual. “ Murdoch Macaskill Australia Daintree Scientific “ With just a few touches of the screen, I can quickly and accurately take readings of my samples. “ Sydney Webb USA University of Kansas Medical Center “ The BWB photometer is more user friendly and easier to use than others we came across. It is really good value for money. “ Gregory Bathfield Thailand Electrical & Control Specialists Ltd “ Modern photometer with large possibilities, the exactness of measurements assures near straight line service. “ Maria Szymoniak Poland Lafarge Cement S.A. - Cement Mill Kujawy “ The BWB-XP produces accurate values and the ability to measure 5 elements simultaneously [it] is less time consuming than the older instrument. “ Richard Griffiths United Kingdom Fujifilm Imaging Colorants Ltd “ Results are very consistent as long as good lab practice is followed regarding preparation and handling of the calibration standards. “ Mick Howards United Kingdom R-MC Power Recovery Ltd “ The report publishing aspect of the software via PDF is excellent! Simple clear graph and set of results with event the capability of adding your own company logo. “ Mick Howards United Kingdom R-MC Power Recovery Ltd

Application Note Determination of Na in Biodiesel using Dry Decomposition for Sample Preparation Return to All Applications Procedure The sample of biodiesel is weighed into a crucible and placed in a heating muffle furnace. Two temperatures are used in the heating program for the dry decomposition: the first temperature (250ºC) is maintained for 1 hour to dry the sample. After this the temperature is progressively elevated to 600ºC and maintained for 4 hours to eliminate the remaining organic material. After cooling, the resulting inorganic residue is dissolved in a nitric acid solution (1.0% v/v). The resulting solution is transferred to a 100ml polypropylene volumetric flask, and diluted to volume with distilled water. Due to sodium rapidly plating out onto glassware, polypropylene volumetric flasks should be used for the sample and standards, if not available the analysis of the sample should be carried out rapidly. It should be noted that when following this method all standards should be diluted in the same 1.0% nitric acid solution to negate any spectral interferences caused by it being present in the solution when the sample is introduced to the flame photometer. Preparation of Standard Graph Set the flame photometer in accordance to MultiPoint/Single Ion Calibration found on page 24 of the BWB Technologies Installation and Operation Manual, to measure potassium emission. Nebulise the working standard solutions and adjust the controls until steady zero and maximum readings are obtained. Nebulise the intermediate working standard solutions and construct a graph relating raw emission data (known as RAW in BWB the flame photometer) to concentration of all the standard solutions. Return to All Applications

BWB White Paper Downloads Access our useful white papers below. The BWB white papers are available for free download at any time, after submitting a few details to us. We're always striving to expand our collection of white papers so please check back frequently to see the new material that we've produced. Available Downloads 10 Questions to Answer Before Buying a New Flame Photometer 10 fundamental questions that you want answered when buying a Flame Photometer Top tips to check out when selecting a new Flame Photometer Top tips to look out for to overcome the sales pitch and ensure you're getting value for money Go To Download Page The BWB Guide to Flame Photometry Principles of Flame Photometry Flame Photometer Operating Data Preparing For Analysis Making a Measurement Applications Methods Go To Download Page

Application Note Measurement of Calcium and Potassium in Cereals Return to All Applications Orzáez Villanueva, M.T., Díaz Marquina, A., et al, ‘Sodium, Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium Content in Breakfast Cereals: Products Highly consumed by the Spanish Population’, Eur Food Res Technol 211 (2000) p. 352-354 Commercial cereals vary considerably in composition, both in their formulation and the ingredients added to enrich these products. Sodium is the predominant cation in breakfast cereals, at levels reaching 8mg/g. Potassium and calcium also vary, particularly in wheat-based products and those enriched with milk products or calcium salts. Procedure A representative sample of the cereal is ground thoroughly to obtain good homogenisation. The powder is stored in sealed plastic bags, under cool dry conditions. A representative sample of approximately 100g is prepared. The prepared samples are analysed in triplicate using a wet ash digestion. Calcium analyses are performed with the addition of 4% 8-hydroxyquinoline to serve as a protecting agent to prevent the formation of refractory species. Typically 5g samples are added to cleaned test tubes and 1ml of concentrated sub-boiling distilled nitric acid is added. The mixture is heated to 80°C overnight. The digest is treated with 1ml of 50% hydrogen peroxide, added dropwise and heated at 1000°C for several hours, repeating the process until sample digests are clear. Digest is heated overnight at 80°C and 1ml HCl is added and the digests are heated for 3-4 hours at 80°C. The digest is filtered using ashless filter paper (Whatman No.41) and diluted to a final volume of 15ml and stored in polyethylene bottles until analysed. Return to All Applications

Thanks for Requesting a White Paper 10 Questions to Answer Before Buying a New Flame Photometer You will automatically receive an email from us shortly, with document attached. Wondering What Makes BWB Flame Photometers Unique? To offer even further accuracy the majority of instruments across our model range enable up to 10 point calibration curves to be generated per element. This results in a highly accurate method of analysis given that most elements do not have a linear emission spectra, although this is certainly the claim from other manufacturers. Advanced Calibration Hover for more Highly accurate calibration curves can be generated with up to 10 points of calibration per element. Multi-Ion and Multi-Point standards can be used to further expedite your time to analysis. Our range of instruments are all derived from our award winning and best-selling base platform, the XP model. Our five element simultaneous detection system is revolutionary, enabling you to easily calibrate and analyse all five elements at the same time without changing filters. Simultaneous Detection & Display Hover for more Our simultaneous detection and display of all 5 elements drastically speeds up the sample throughput time and prevents operators from constant recalibration procedures. 'One of our top priorities is accessibility and convenience, for all of our international clients. That is why we have a minimalist interface with intuitive controls, and no complicated buttons or dials. Our keypads and FLASH capacitive touch displays were designed by user ergonomic experts, to help us provide the smoothest user experience. Intuitive Interface Hover for more 'With thousands of instruments in use around the world, ensuring accessibility for all is important to us. The BWB range offers easy to use LCD driven user prompts to help you have the best experience with your instrument. 'The BWB range of instruments incorporate a service and oil free compressor built into the system. Our design saves valuable lab space, and removes the issues that old, noisy, leak-prone oil compressors create. This drastically reduces interference and allows a strict control of air flow and known pressures, resulting in stable flame conditions and exceptional quality of result determination. Built-In Air Compressor Hover for more 'Our systems all have a service and oil free compressor, to prevent interferences, noise and footprint. 'Our PC software, included with every instrument, supports further work with your data. The reporting feature generates CSV and PDF reports for your analysed samples and calibration curves can be downloaded from the instrument and saved for later recall. Free PC Software Hover for more 'We offer free PC software that enables the user to create CSV and PDF reports and traceability. We understand that not all labs will have the availability of propane gas ready to use, although propane does offer some of the best results for flame photometry, the instrument can be used with butane or even natural gas without modification. Gas Selection Hover for more A specially developed built in gas regulator enabling the use of Propane, LPG, Butane or Natural Gas (Methane) as standard and with no user modification required. Boasting internal storage for up to 200 results, the instrument surpasses the outdated analogue counterparts that are still prevalent in the market. You can conveniently access the results when needed or easily transfer them to your PC for further use. Internal Results Storage Hover for more Utilise the instrument as a standalone device with no PC requirement. Up to 200 results can be stored within the internal memory. BWB Flame Photometers were designed from the ground up using the newest and most innovative technology to give the user unsurpassed levels of accuracy, usability and reliability; it's able to do all this while still significantly reducing analysis times. We are always improving our products to make sure that we keep ahead of the demanding needs of elemental analysis. Continuous Development Hover for more Our Flame Photometers are designed from the ground up from experts in the field and our continuous development nature ensures that instruments remain at the cutting edge year on year. We supply absolutely everything you'll need to start using our instruments straight out of the box. Calibration standards and basic labware enables the rapid creation of calibration standards. You can be running results within an hour of unboxing. Just Add Gas Hover for more We do not believe in hidden charges and additional accessories. To start using your award winning BWB instrument, all you need to do is 'Just Add Gas!'

Thanks for Registering your Warranty We've received your submission and will review it shortly. We'll get back to you shortly, but please be aware that it might not be immediate, depending on your location and our availability. We prioritise these requests though so we will be as quick as possible. The Common Key Features of Our Flame Photometers To offer even further accuracy the majority of instruments across our model range enable up to 10 point calibration curves to be generated per element. This results in a highly accurate method of analysis given that most elements do not have a linear emission spectra, although this is certainly the claim from other manufacturers. Advanced Calibration Hover for more Highly accurate calibration curves can be generated with up to 10 points of calibration per element. Multi-Ion and Multi-Point standards can be used to further expedite your time to analysis. Our range of instruments are all derived from our award winning and best-selling base platform, the XP model. Our five element simultaneous detection system is revolutionary, enabling you to easily calibrate and analyse all five elements at the same time without changing filters. Simultaneous Detection & Display Hover for more Our simultaneous detection and display of all 5 elements drastically speeds up the sample throughput time and prevents operators from constant recalibration procedures. 'One of our top priorities is accessibility and convenience, for all of our international clients. That is why we have a minimalist interface with intuitive controls, and no complicated buttons or dials. Our keypads and FLASH capacitive touch displays were designed by user ergonomic experts, to help us provide the smoothest user experience. Intuitive Interface Hover for more 'With thousands of instruments in use around the world, ensuring accessibility for all is important to us. The BWB range offers easy to use LCD driven user prompts to help you have the best experience with your instrument. 'The BWB range of instruments incorporate a service and oil free compressor built into the system. Our design saves valuable lab space, and removes the issues that old, noisy, leak-prone oil compressors create. This drastically reduces interference and allows a strict control of air flow and known pressures, resulting in stable flame conditions and exceptional quality of result determination. Built-In Air Compressor Hover for more 'Our systems all have a service and oil free compressor, to prevent interferences, noise and footprint. 'Our PC software, included with every instrument, supports further work with your data. The reporting feature generates CSV and PDF reports for your analysed samples and calibration curves can be downloaded from the instrument and saved for later recall. Free PC Software Hover for more 'We offer free PC software that enables the user to create CSV and PDF reports and traceability. We understand that not all labs will have the availability of propane gas ready to use, although propane does offer some of the best results for flame photometry, the instrument can be used with butane or even natural gas without modification. Gas Selection Hover for more A specially developed built in gas regulator enabling the use of Propane, LPG, Butane or Natural Gas (Methane) as standard and with no user modification required. Boasting internal storage for up to 200 results, the instrument surpasses the outdated analogue counterparts that are still prevalent in the market. You can conveniently access the results when needed or easily transfer them to your PC for further use. Internal Results Storage Hover for more Utilise the instrument as a standalone device with no PC requirement. Up to 200 results can be stored within the internal memory. BWB Flame Photometers were designed from the ground up using the newest and most innovative technology to give the user unsurpassed levels of accuracy, usability and reliability; it's able to do all this while still significantly reducing analysis times. We are always improving our products to make sure that we keep ahead of the demanding needs of elemental analysis. Continuous Development Hover for more Our Flame Photometers are designed from the ground up from experts in the field and our continuous development nature ensures that instruments remain at the cutting edge year on year. We supply absolutely everything you'll need to start using our instruments straight out of the box. Calibration standards and basic labware enables the rapid creation of calibration standards. You can be running results within an hour of unboxing. Just Add Gas Hover for more We do not believe in hidden charges and additional accessories. To start using your award winning BWB instrument, all you need to do is 'Just Add Gas!'

Find Your Local BWB Approved Distributor Our distributors cover more than 130 countries/regions. Find your distributor below to get friendly, local support. Our International Partner Network BWB Technology are a UK-based company but wherever you are located, BWB can offer fast, efficient and advanced global support directly or through our network of certified distributors. Click on the drop-down menu below to find the the distributor in (or nearest to) your country. Select A Country Our network covers most of the globe and we're continually reviewing and adding to our list. Algeria BWB Technologies Middle East P.O. Box 27709 Engomi, 2432 Nicosia, Cyprus ​ Phone: '+357 22 666080 Email: sales@bwbme.com Alt: ​ ​ Alt: Web: www.bwbtech.com Fax: '+357 22 660355 Argentina Interlab Diagnostics Ltda ​ ​ ​ ​ Phone: '+56-2-22698583 Email: interlab@interlab.cl Alt: ​ ​ Alt: Web: www.interlab.cl Fax: ​ Armenia H&M Mayer LLC 79 Z. Sarkavag Str. Yerevan 0079 ​ Phone: '+374 93 668040 Email: h.mayerllc@gmail.com Alt: ​ ​ Alt: Web: handmayerllc.am/home_am Fax: ​ Australia Daintree Scientific ​ ​ ​ ​ Phone: '+61-3-63763335 Email: info@daintreescientific.com.au Alt: ​ ​ Alt: Web: www.daintreescientific.com.au Fax: '+61-3-63763334 Austria THG-GLOCK Instruments ​ ​ ​ ​ Phone: '+49 (0) 69 684757 Email: thg-glock@t-online.de Alt: ​ ​ Alt: Web: www.thg-glock.com Fax: '+49 (0) 683654 Bahrain BWB Technologies Middle East P.O. Box 27709 Engomi, 2432 Nicosia, Cyprus ​ Phone: '+357 22 666080 Email: sales@bwbme.com Alt: ​ ​ Alt: Web: www.bwbtech.com Fax: '+357 22 660355 Bangladesh SR Scientific Bangladesh Mohakhali Dhaka 1212 ​ Phone: '+8801778279875 Email: srsbd.sales@gmail.com Alt: ​ ​ Alt: Web: ​ Fax: ​ Belarus Avanta & K ​ ​ ​ ​ Phone: '+375 17 328 48 06 Email: info@avanta.by Alt: ​ ​ Alt: Web: www.avanta.by Fax: ​ Belgium Instrument Solutions Benelux BV ​ ​ ​ ​ Phone: '+31 88 4678 786 Email: info@instrument-solutions.com Alt: ​ ​ Alt: Web: www.instrument-solutions.com Fax: ​ Belize AGETEC S.A. San Francisco de Goicoechea, de la iglesia de ladrillo 50 mts sur, edificio a mano derecha San Jose 177-2350 Costa Rica Phone: 50688388534 Email: ogespinoza@orgoma.com Alt: ​ ​ Alt: Web: ​ Fax: ​